Kamis, 04 Juli 2013

许氏家族庄园

许氏家族庄园
印尼雅加达
1807年或1867

     许氏家族庄园是在十九世纪时,由土生华人的中国社区知名成员所建,在巴达维亚殖民时期,曾是最高雅的住宅之一。而今,所留下的却是令人神伤的截断-也有人说“截肢”,在高层建筑下变得相形见绌,也有人说就快“窒息"了。就如同东南亚许多其他家族一样,其祖先都在遥远的过去由中国迁徙而来,这里有几个关于许氏先辈们的早期史实。即使是在二十世纪中期,将这令人惊叹的宅院遗留给其后人较近期的成功后裔,在回忆起有关前几代的史实时,也是晦涩不清的。虽然对第一位家族成员何时抵达印尼的详情无从考究,但能肯定的是,他们都来自福建省同安县。在一个过去拥有许多精细中国风格建筑物的城市里,保留至今的许氏家族庄园,所提供的不仅是在过去一个半世纪里,华族命运改变的一个窗口而已,同时也揭示了印尼当代时尚的历史性保存。
     这里甚至还无法确定许氏庄园是于1807年或1867年所建设的,而这两个日期整整相隔六十年。这是因为中间结构沿着外侧走廊门上的彩绘镶板,标识了简单的传统历法,写着丁卯,“火兔”,即结合了十“天干"与十二 “地支”,六十年只出现一次的天干地支。遗憾的是,并没有具体提及是在嘉庆年间(1796年-1820年)或同治年间(1861年-1875年),因为那将有助于厘定确实的年份是1807年还是1867年。无论该宅院是由富有的大家长Khouw Tian Sek1807年,或是后来由其子,Khouw Tjeng Tjoan1867年所兴建的,该宅邸本身是在时髦的Molenvliet West(现在的Gajah Mada路)中的三间建筑相互紧靠的其中之一豪宅,为Khouw Tjeng Tjoan和他的两个弟弟,Khouw Tjeng Po Khouw Tjeng Kee所拥有。可惜的是,几乎全无这位大家长与他儿子们的相关资料,唯一所知道的事实就是他们都非常富有。再者,现存华丽中国风格住所的老照片,与Molenvliet West的旧式荷兰豪宅及旅馆混在一起,有时会让人误以为是Khouw Tjeng Tjoan的家,但可能是他其中一个兄弟的家。谈及Khouw Tjeng Tjoan带着他十四位夫人与二十四个孩子,住进这栋拥有100间房间的大宅邸,并无人知晓他与家人实际迁入的确切日期,或他们在这大豪宅中的生活。
     Khouw Tjeng Tjoan也许于1880年逝世,事实上他立下遗嘱,将宅邸留给比他自己成功的儿子,Khouw Kim An,生于1879年,最有可能在房子里。Khouw Kim An 在巴达维亚的银行界及与商业圈崭露头角之前是接受荷兰教育的。由于意识到殖民当局对土生华人与新移民华人,即所谓的totok的教育漠不关心,于是他与其杰出的岳父及其他几位显赫的土生华人社区成员创立了中华会馆(THHK)或中华协会。这个组织不仅推动儒学和中国文化,一般而言,还包括中文的学习,同时迫使殖民当局允许土生华人的子女进入荷兰中学。Khouw Kim An本身在华人社区重要事迹中,最凸显的是于1905年受荷兰任命为华人中尉军衔,1908年为华人队长,并自1910年至1918年晋升为华人少校。在不明原因的沉寂后,自1927年至1942年间,他再次被任命出任华人少校。由其他不拘一格的家园建筑,及现存所提供的照片看来,可瞥见当时奢华的生活,以及其摩登的易用性,一般性的西方元素和浓厚的中国风。Khouw Kim An住宅的重要意义是,在1931年古迹条例下被指定为古迹遗产,是第一个经荷兰努力下,在他们的殖民地所承认的历史建筑物。
     Khoun Kim An1945年,日本入侵印尼的战争时期死于拘禁期间,而该户式住宅在日本入侵者战败后,荷兰统治逐渐衰颓下,被他的儿子们遗弃。于1946年,该老住所不是被出售就是捐赠,就此转化成新明会(New Light Foundation)的总部,一个以土生华人为主的协会,其目的是为华人社区提供教育,卫生即一般的社会服务,因为他们最终都将成为新的印度尼西亚共和国的公民。在上半个60年代,苏加诺在位期间,针对印尼华裔的歧视性法律增生,新明会因而改名为Tjandra Naja社会联盟,现在简称为Candra Naya








对面下方:
被保留下来的中间大厅后方的景观。第三或后方结构,是一个双层建筑物,及一对细长的翼面结构,在1995年的某个时段被拆毁。
右:
在庄园门前写着“福如东海,寿比南山”

     

Sabtu, 01 Juni 2013

code of conduct for chinese sworn translator

anindyatrans1@gmail.com - Tel.0818650830 - a chinese sworn translator office in Jakarta
Have they ever cross in their mind to introduce kind of Code of Conduct among translators, especially when there is fast growing need for translating Chinese language or Mandarin

Either from or especially to Mandarin by Sworn Translator, has become a demanding need nowadays as result of increasing business interaction between Indonesia and other Chinese speaking countries.

Unfortunately, we only have limited number of Sworn Translator. Lately we often, have to wait a couple of weeks or even more, for translation. One day I sent an email to one of senior Sworn Translator for Mandarin to reconsider the need of Official Mandarin translation, but he seemed only care on his individual business and ignore my friendly suggestion for him to have staffs doing translation and he still have to check before affixing signature and his Seal of Sworn Translator, or even turned down my offer, proposing few students of Mandarin Languages form University of Indonesia.



What are they, Sworn Translators, those are people who have passed the test conducted by International Languages Institutions (LBI) of University of Indonesia. Test which is conducted once a year and only for one direction (e.g. Indonesian to Mandarin or Mandarin to Indonesia) for US 150.- each. Then along with many other translators who have passed the test, brought to Governor of Jakarta for issuing Governor’s Decree as Sworn Translator. And according to reliable sources, Governor of Jakarta did not issue Decree for Sworn Translation for the last 2 (two) years.


And this make things even worse, one day I call TETO, and asking if it is OK to translate from large number of documents by Taiwanese (where I have to translate from Indonesia to English, because original document were in Indonesian), then return them to Indonesia to be signed and Sealed by Indonesian Sworn Translator for Mandarin. But of course the wording in Affidavit shall have to be altered from “having been translated by” into “the translation have been examined by” as asked by Registered Sworn Translator in Indonesia.


This time TETO (Taiwan Economic and Trade Organization) refused this arrangement, without reconsidering a limited number of Sworn Translator compare to increasing need of translation.
Should it be either one or collectively University of Indonesia, Governor of Jakarta or Official representatives of Chinese speaking countries, reconsider to have some kind of Code of Conduct for Mandarin Sworn Translators – at least to regulate and accommodate increasing translation works by Sworn Translator.
Quo Vadis??